Yaşadığı Zamanın Ötesinde Bir Yazar: Jules Verne!
Romanları dünya çapında en çok satılan yazarlardan biri olan Jules Verne, tüm dünyaya katmış olduğu macera dolu eserleri ile arkasından gelen birçok yazara ilham olmuş ve yazdığı kitaplar onlarca film ile beyazperdeye taşınmıştır. İşte müthiş hayal gücü ile geleceğe yön veren Jules Verne hakkında birkaç bilgi;
Jules Verne’in gençliği;
8 Şubat 1828 tarihinde dünyaya gelen tam ismiyle Jules Gabriel Verne, Fransa’nın Nantes şehrinde dünyaya geldi. O zamanlar Nantes, gemi yapımcılarının ve tüccarların olduğu önemli bir liman kentiydi. Jules Verne çocukluğunu buradaki gemileri izleyerek ve hayaller kurarak geçirdi.
Jules Verne parlak edebiyat hayatına 12 yaşında şiirler yazarak başladı. Kendisinden bir yaş büyük kuzeni Caroline Tronson’a aşık olan Jules Verne, yazdığı şiirlere ve ona duyduğu büyük ilgisine rağmen bir karşılık alamamış, kuzeni Caroline 1847 yılında bir başkası ile evlenmişti.
Babası, Jules Verne’in kendisi gibi hukukçu olmasını istiyordu. Bu yüzden hukuk okumak için Paris’e giden Jules, bir yandan da hikayeler, kurgular yazmaya başladı. Hukuk fakültesini bitirmesine rağmen hayalperest bir kişiliğe sahip Jules, babasının itiraz etmesine rağmen mesleği bırakarak yazar olmaya karar verdi. Paris’te iken amcası sayesinde Fransız edebiyatından önemli insanlarla tanışma fırsatı oldu, bunlardan birisi de Victor Hugo’ydu.
1857 yılında iki kız çocuğuna sahip Honorine du Fraysne de Viane isimli dul bir kadınla evlendi. 1859 yılında arkadaşı Aristide Hignard ile birlikte Britanya adalarını gezdi. 1861 yılında aynı arkadaşı ile İskandinavya turuna çıkan Jules, bu geziyi eşinin doğum yapması ile yarım bırakmak zorunda kaldı.
Jules Verne’in ilk eserleri;
Jules Verne, edebiyatın yanı sıra astronomi, meteoroloji, fizyoloji alanında deneyleri ve keşifleri yakından takip ediyor, bir yandan da coğrafya ile ilgileniyordu. İlk kitabı için kolları sıvayan Jules Verne, o zamanlar gizemli bir yer olarak görülen Afrika kıtasına balonla seyahat konulu bir roman yazmayı düşündü.
Balonla ilgili teknik bilgileri öğrenen Jules, macera dolu romanına bilimsel buluşlar ile coğrafi gerçekleri bir araya getirerek 1963 yılında ”Balonla 5 Hafta” isimli kitabını yayımladı. Bu kitap bir anda büyük bir başarı yakaladı ve Jules hızla tanınmaya başlandı.
Hemen ertesi sene ”Dünyanın Merkezine Yolculuk (1964)” ve ”Ay’a Yolculuk (1965)” kitapları ile yazarlık kariyerinde hızlı bir yükseliş geçti. Jules Verne sürekli seyahat ediyor ve hayal gücü ile ortaya harika eserler çıkarıyordu. 1970 yılında piyasaya sürdüğü “Denizler Altında 20.000 Fersah” isimli kitabını ise Amerika gezisinde gördüğü Niagara şelalesinden ilham alarak yazmıştır.
Onlarca ülke dolaşan Jules Verne, 1883 yılında yayımladığı ”İnatçı Kereban” adlı kitabında hikayenin Osmanlı topraklarında geçmesi ve kitabında İstanbul‘u detaylıca anlatması nedeniyle, yazarın İstanbul ve Anadolu’ya da seyahat ettiği düşünülmektedir. Ancak hiçbir kaynakta bu seyahatin yer almaması, bu gezinin bazı kişilere bir söylentiden ibaret olduğunu da düşündürmüştür.
Jules Verne’in kehanetleri;
Jules Verne’in yazdığı bu macera konulu romanlar günümüze kadar 150 farklı dile çevrildi. Jules Verne bu alanda birçok önemli yazarı geride bırakmış ve Agatha Christie’den sonra dünyada 2. sırada yer alan yazar konumuna geçmiştir.
Jules Verne’i en ilginç kılan şeylerden biri de eserlerini 1800’lü yıllarda kaleme almasına rağmen gelecek üzerine yaptığı doğru tahminlerdi. Denizler Altında 20.000 Fersah isimli kitabında elektrikli denizaltıyı detaylıca anlatmış ve benzer tasarımdaki denizaltılar yıllar sonra üretilmeye başlanmıştı.
Ayrıca 20. Yüzyılda Paris isimli romanında gökdelenler, trenler, parlak şehir ışıkları, asansörler, motorlu arabalar, banliyöler gibi geleceğe dair birçok şeyden doğru bahsetmişti. Üstelik kitabında internete benzer şekilde bir ağ üzerinden iletişim kurabilen hesap makinelerini dahi yazmıştı.
Jules Verne ayrıca gelecek için şu sözleri de söylemiştir; ”Gelecekte insanlar akıllara hayret verecek buluşlarla tanışacaklar. Kutuplardaki buz yığınlar atom gücü ile eritilecek, milyonlarca dönüm verimli araziler dünyaya katılacak, mevsimler değişecek ve çöller birer bahçe haline gelecek. İnsanlar göklere tamamen hakim olacak, Venüs ve Mars’a gitmek için çalışmalar başlayacak. Barışın sağlanması için merkezi Amerika’da olan bir devlet kurulacak.”
Her ne kadar barışı sağlamasa da Amerika’da olacağını iddia etmesi bile büyük bir tahmin, zira o zamanlarda Amerika koloniler halinde yaşayan bir devletti. Bunların dışında Jules Verne elektrikli idam sandalyesini, hologramı, uzay kapsülünü ve füzeleri, haber bültenlerini, karşılıklı görüntülü bir şekilde iletişim kurmayı, uçakları ve daha birçok şeyi icat edilmeden tahmin etmişti.
Jules Verne’in bu kadar icadı önceden biliyor olması ve gelecek üzerine yaptığı doğru tahminler nedeniyle insanlar tarafından Jules Verne’in bir kahin olduğu ya da bir zaman makinesine sahip olduğu gibi komplo teorileri ortaya çıkmıştır.
Sağlık sorunları ve ölümü;
Jules Verne hayatı boyunca ciddi hastalık ve rahatsızlıklarla mücadele etti. 20’li yaşlarından itibaren mide krampları yaşadı ve doktorlar tarafından doğru teşhisi hiçbir zaman alamadı. Ayrıca hayatı boyunca 5 kez yüz felci geçirdi. Yüksek tansiyon ve diyabet ile mücadele etti. 1886 yılında 58 yaşında iken ise zihinsel engelli yeğeni tarafından vurulan Jules Verne topal kaldı ve ölene kadar yani yaklaşık 20 yıl boyunca baston kullanarak yaşadı.
1888 yılında siyasete atılan Jules, Fransa’nın Amiens şehrinde belediye meclisinde görev aldı. Tiyatrolar, okullar ve şehircilik gibi kültürel sorunlarla ilgilendi. 1900 yılında meclis üyeliğine seçildi. 1902 yılında şeker hastalığı ilerledi ve görme yeteneğini kısmen kaybetti.
24 Mart 1905 tarihinde ise yaşadığı şehir Amiens’te hayatını kaybeden Jules Verne, Amiens’te bulunan La Madeleine Mezarlığı’na defnedildi.
Ölümünden iki yıl sonra mezarının başına bir heykeli dikildi. Heykelde Jules Verne, mezarında doğrulmuş, bir elini yıldızlara uzatır bir biçimde betimlenmiştir. Heykeltıraş Albert Roze, heykelin yüzünü Jules Verne’in ölümünden sonra yüzünden alınan kalıp maskeyi baz alarak oluşturmuştur. Yani bir anlamda heykelin yüzü Jules Verne’in yüzünün birebir kopyasıdır.
Filme uyarlanan kitapları;
Jules Verne’in neredeyse tüm kitapları sinemaya taşınmış, bu filmlerin çoğu 1950-1970 yılları arasında çekilmiştir. Dünyaca meşhur filmleri ise; Dünyanın Merkezine Yolculuk, Gizemli Adaya Yolculuk ve 80 Günde Devri Alem adlı filmlerdir. Günümüzde Jules Verne’in en az bir filmini izlemeyen veya en az bir kitabını okumayan insan sayısı çok azdır.
Ray Bradbury’nin sözü ile bu yazımızı da sonlandıralım; ”Hepimiz bir şekilde Jules Verne’in çocuklarıyız.”
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